
Yerevan, the capital of Armenia, is one of the world’s oldest continuously inhabited cities and is a captivating blend of ancient traditions and modern delights. The city’s roots stretch back millennia. Archaeological findings reveal early settlements dating to the 6th–3rd millennia BCE. The crowning jewel is the Erebuni Fortress, founded in 783 BCE by King Argishti I. Imagine standing amidst its ancient stones, feeling the whispers of centuries past.
Erebuni: The Birthplace
Erebuni—its name echoing through time—was the nucleus around which Yerevan blossomed. The fortress guarded the Urartian kingdom, its walls witnessing conquests, trade, and cultural exchanges. Today, the Erebuni Museum preserves this legacy, inviting visitors to explore its artifacts and unravel the city’s genesis.
A Canvas of Architecture
Wander Yerevan’s streets, and you’ll encounter architectural marvels. The Pink City, as it’s affectionately known, blends traditional Armenian design with modern aesthetics. Soviet-era buildings stand alongside ornate churches, each telling a chapter of Yerevan’s story. The Cascade—a grand staircase adorned with sculptures—offers panoramic views of the city and Mount Ararat.
Khachkars: Stone Testament
Khachkars—intricately carved cross-stones—are scattered throughout the city. These sacred symbols, inscribed with geometric patterns and Christian motifs, honor both faith and craftsmanship. Seek them out in parks, squares, and hidden corners—they’re silent storytellers etching continuity into the city’s fabric.
Cafés and Conversations
The city’s café culture is an art form. Sidle into a cozy nook, sip Armenian coffee, and engage in spirited discussions. Locals share tales of survival, resilience, and revival—the echoes of a nation that endured trials yet thrives. Try lavash (soft flatbread) with dolma (stuffed grape leaves) while absorbing the rhythm of life.
Erebuni Historical & Archaeological Museum – Unveiling Yerevan’s Ancient Past

Located at the foot of the Arin Berd hill, the Erebuni Museum is a testament to the rich history and cultural heritage of Armenia. Established in 1968, this museum is dedicated to showcasing the fascinating story of the establishment of the city, one of the oldest continuously inhabited in the world.
A Glimpse into the Past
The opening of the museum was timed to coincide with the 2750th anniversary of the city. The Museum stands on top of the Urartian Fortress Erebouni, which has stood since 782 BCE. This ancient city fortress was excavated, and some parts of its structure were reinforced and restored, transforming it into an outdoor museum.
The Citadel and Its Treasures
A cuneiform inscription testifies that the city was built by Argishti I, the King of Urartu, in 782 BCE. The majority of the fortress was constructed from raw bricks, encircled by strong walls in some places built in three rows.
The temple of God Khaldi occupied a significant place within the fortress, its walls adorned with numerous frescoes. Archaeologists have also unearthed giant karasses (pitches for wine storage), ceramics, potter’s wheels, and other artifacts that provide insights into daily life during that time.
The Museum Building
The museum building, designed by architects Baghdasar Arzoumanian and Shmavon Azatian, along with sculptor A. Harutiunian, houses an impressive collection of 12,235 exhibits. Additionally, the museum has two branches in Shengavit and Karmir Blur, with 5,288 and 1,620 exhibits respectively in stock.
Address: 38 Erebuni Street
Telephone: +374 10 432661
Opening Hours: Tuesday to Sunday 10:30-17:00, Monday: Closed
The Cascade – A Monumental Staircase

The Cascade, also known as “Կասկադ” in Armenian, stands as an iconic architectural marvel in the heart of the city. Its grandeur and symbolism have captured the imagination of locals and visitors alike for decades.
The Cascade was conceived during the Soviet era, a time when monumental structures were often used to commemorate historical events and ideological victories. Built between 1971 and 1980, it served as a testament to the Soviet Army’s triumph over Nazi Germany in World War II.
Architectural Design
The Cascade comprises five massive terraces, seamlessly integrated into the natural landscape. These terraces cascade down the hillside, creating a visually striking effect. A total of 572 steps connect these platforms, inviting visitors to ascend and explore.
The sheer scale of the Cascade is awe-inspiring. It stretches 302 meters in height (excluding the 40th Anniversary of Soviet Armenia monument), with a width of 50 meters. The entire complex covers an impressive 13 hectares, its gentle 15-degree slope providing a harmonious transition from the city center to Victory Park.
Monumental Terrace
At the summit lies the Monumental Terrace, crowned by the 40th Anniversary of Soviet Armenia monument. Rising 118 meters into the sky, this imposing structure commemorates Armenia’s role in the war effort and symbolizes resilience and victory.
Fifteen majestic columns border the Monumental Terrace. Each column represents a chapter in Armenian history, from ancient times to the present day. Their elegant design pays homage to the nation’s cultural heritage.
Within the Cascade lies the Cafesjian Center for the Arts, a cultural hub that celebrates contemporary art. Glass art takes center stage here, with works by renowned artists like Ivan Mares, Jaromir Rybak, and Jon Kuhn. Their intricate pieces shimmer and refract light, adding to the overall enchantment.
Open-Air Museum
As you ascend, you’ll encounter sculptures, installations, and thought-provoking exhibits. The Cascade serves as an open-air museum, seamlessly blending nature, architecture, and art. Take a stroll, pause at each landing, and absorb the beauty that surrounds you.

Cafesjian Center for the Arts
Located within the Cascade, the Cafesjian Center for the Arts beckons art enthusiasts. Its galleries house both permanent and rotating exhibitions, showcasing diverse genres and styles. Explore early collections donated by art historian Poghos Haytayan and artist Robert Elibekian. These artifacts provide glimpses into Armenia’s past, bridging the gap between tradition and modernity.
Address: 10 Tamanyan Street