Ternopil is one of the largest cities of western Ukraine, in its heart, and has the status of an important trade center. It’s a quiet, green city with a unique atmosphere, a bright history, and a plethora of interesting natural, historical, and architectural sites.
The name Ternopil, according to one tale, originates from the phrase “ternovoye polye” (blackthorn field), because of blackthorn trees that used to grow here. Another legend claims that the city’s name comes from its founder, Grand Crown Hetman Jan Tarnowski.
In the Middle Ages, Ternopil stood where important trade routes intersected, becoming an important center of commerce. The city was a part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire since the late 18th century, but after the end of World War I, it returned to Poland. In 1939, Ternopil became a part of the Soviet Union, and, since 1991, of independent Ukraine.
Contents
Old Castle
The city’s main point of interest is the Old Castle, whose history started almost 500 years ago. It is the oldest surviving construction in Ternopil. Though the castle was a defensive bulwark, it could not escape the ravages of war.
The fort was ruined several times but was rebuilt again and again. In the 19th century, the castle transferred into a Russian classicist palace, annihilating its remaining defenses. Today, a stone wall with decorated gates surrounds the palace.
Among the architectural gems that give Ternopil its inimitable look, the Dominican Church deserves special mention. Built in the 18th century in the late Baroque style, its elegant towers rise in the historic city center. Near the church stands the Dominican monks’ living quarters. In Soviet times, the church turned into a picture gallery. It’s now active once again.
But even more ancient sacral buildings have survived in Ternopil. One of the old city’s most decorative landmarks is the Church of Exaltation of the Cross, built in the early 16th century on the territory of an ancient Kyivan Rus temple. At that time, it was often used to defend the city.
It’s not only the oldest building in Ternopil, but also the most unusual one, as the church has no domes. The church was recently restored and named the “Church on the Pond.” The ancient Church of Nativity, founded in 1602, is no less interesting.
Ternopil Lake
But Ternopil’s calling card is its 300-hectare man-made lake, in the heart of the city. The lake is as old as the city itself. It’s from the same period as the castle. Parks and gardens surround the lake, and it’s a popular strolling place for citizens and guests alike.
Many distinct historic, architectural, and cultural landmarks are on Ternopil’s outskirts. Almost every town and every village has the ruins of some medieval castle, ancient church, or monastery. The Kremenets Castle and the Pochayiv Lavra are the most popular destinations.
Ternopil is a very cozy and calm city. That is why so many travelers come here not only to admire its sights but also to feel the warm and hospitable atmosphere of this amazing city.
Today, the Old Castle is an official architectural monument of national importance and is considered one of the city’s key points of interest. The castle’s importance, which is the oldest surviving construction in Ternopil, shows because it’s the main heraldic figure on the city’s coat of arms.
Construction of strong fortifications on the steep bank in the Seret River valley began in 1540. Then the crown hetman Jan Tarnowski received an order to establish Ternopil from the Polish King Sigismund I.
Built over 8 years, the castle served as a home for the owner of the city and as the fortress where locals could hide in case of enemy attacks. Its main task was to protect the southeastern borders of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth from regular back then Turkish-Tatar invasions.
Defense works
Ternopil castle’s outer defence consisted of the high dirt wall fortified with an oak palisade, on one side, and of the deep ditch filled with the waters from the artificial pond, on the other side. Rudka River’s marshy banks covered the northern approaches of the fortress.
The fortifications had a rectangular shape with powerful defensive towers in each corner. The only way to reach the castle was to use the folding bridge across the ditch leading to the fortified gates.
The castle’s main building was the palace where the Ternopil owners lived. Due to arduous construction conditions, it became a multi-level structure. It had three ground floors and two – underground ones, visible from the pond’s steep bank. Other castle buildings – bakery, kitchen, stables, and the large arsenal – were near the palace.
Despite its powerful defensive system, Ternopil Castle suffered from Tatar and Turk invasions during the 16th – 17th centuries. The fort underwent the greatest ravages in 1675 when the Tatar Horde burned it to ashes. The city’s new owners tried to reconstruct it for almost a century, but the castle fell into decay again and again.
Re-birth of the castle
After becoming Ternopil’s master in the late 18th century, Count Franciszek Koritovsky gave the Old Castle a new birth. He decided to rebuild the fortress that lost its defensive importance into a palace. He ordered the demolition of almost all extant fortifications: walls, towers, gates, and to fill up the ditch.
A stone wall and the main gates surrounding the palace, built at the site of the demolished gate tower, were adorned with Egyptian-style pillars, decorated with Koritovsky family blazonry. The so-called New Castle emerged near the palace, but it was destroyed during the Second World War.
The only thing that remained from the original castle was the ground floor. Ancient interiors were unfortunately destroyed. During the 19th – 20th centuries, the Palace housed barracks, then a casino, and then its premises served for a variety of receptions and balls. In 1956, the building was renovated. Today it’s a sports school.
Nestled in the vibrant city of Ternopil lies a gem that pulsates with the rhythm of local life and culture: Theatre Square. This bustling plaza is not just a mere open space; it’s a canvas where the city’s social and cultural tapestry comes to life.
A Stage for All Seasons
Theatre Square is a place that embraces the Eastern European tradition of strolls, casual meet-ups, and outdoor enjoyment. Whether it’s the warm embrace of the summer sun or the crisp air of a winter evening, the square welcomes everyone with open arms. It’s a venue that hosts an array of events, from spirited concerts to vibrant festivals, making it a year-round attraction for both locals and tourists alike.
Christmas in Theatre Square
Come winter, Theatre Square transforms into a magical winter wonderland. The festive season sees the square adorned with charming stalls offering local crafts and treats, while a towering Christmas tree stands as a beacon of holiday spirit. It’s a time when the community gathers to celebrate, share joy, and create memories against the backdrop of the square’s festive lights.
A Melting Pot of Activities
Theatre Square is a cultural melting pot, offering something for everyone. Children delight in the playful rides, while adults can savor a moment of tranquility at one of the many bars and cafes lining the square. It’s a place where local talents shine, and the community comes together to appreciate the arts and each other’s company.
Architectural Marvel
Dominating the square is the magnificent Ternopil Drama Theater, a structure commanding attention with its Corinthian pillars and intricate bas-reliefs. As night falls, the theater is bathed in the colors of the Ukrainian flag, a proud symbol of the nation’s heritage and artistic prowess.
A Square That Never Sleeps
Theatre Square is the heartbeat of Ternopil, always pulsing with energy and activity. It’s a place that invites you to become part of the city’s narrative, to immerse yourself in its culture, and to leave with stories etched in your heart. Whether you’re a first-time visitor or a returning admirer, Theatre Square is a destination that promises an unforgettable experience.
As you plan your visit, remember that Theatre Square is more than just a landmark; it’s a living, breathing space where the essence of Ternopil is celebrated every day.