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Târgu Jiu Romania – A Short Introduction
Târgu Jiu, the capital of Gorj County in southwestern Romania, has a rich history dating back to antiquity. The city is named after the Jiu River, which flows through it. In ancient times, the area was home to a Dacian village surrounded by dense forests.
Following the Roman conquest of Oltenia in 101-102 AD, the region became a significant military and commercial hub. Roman artifacts, including mosaics, coins, and ceramics, have been discovered in the area, indicating its importance during the Roman Empire.
Medieval Period
During the Middle Ages, Târgu Jiu evolved into a vital commercial center due to its strategic location at the crossroads of routes connecting the Danube, Transylvania, and Banat. The city was under the rule of local boyars until the 19th century. It was also part of the territory governed by the Vlach voivode Litovoi in the 13th century, who is noted for his resistance against Hungarian claims over the region.
Modern Era
In the 20th century, Târgu Jiu witnessed significant development, particularly after World War II. Transitioning from an agricultural market town, it became an industrial center producing timber, clothing, cigarettes, and foodstuffs. The city is also renowned for its cultural heritage, notably the Sculptural Ensemble of Constantin Brâncuși (who was born in the nearby village of Hobița), which includes the famous “Gate of the Kiss” and “Endless Column”.
The Sculptural Ensemble of Constantin Brâncuși Târgu Jiu (Ansamblul sculptural Constantin Brâncuși de la Târgu-Jiu)
The Sculptural Ensemble of Constantin Brâncuși in Târgu Jiu is a monumental tribute to the Romanian heroes of World War I. Created by the renowned sculptor Constantin Brâncuși, this ensemble is a significant cultural and historical landmark in Romania. It comprises three main sculptures: The Table of Silence, The Gate of the Kiss, and The Infinity Column, all aligned on an axis stretching 1.3 kilometers from west to east.
History
The National League of Gorj Women commissioned the ensemble to honor the soldiers who defended Târgu Jiu in 1916 against the Central Powers. Brâncuși, living in Paris at the time, accepted the commission in 1935 and completed the work in 1938. Remarkably, he refused any payment for his work, driven by a deep patriotism and respect for his homeland.
UNESCO Recognition
The ensemble was added to the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2024.
The Table of Silence (Masa tăcerii)
The Table of Silence is a circular stone table surrounded by twelve hourglass-shaped seats. This sculpture symbolizes the moment of silence before a battle, representing time and contemplation. The hourglass seats are thought to signify the passage of time and the inevitability of fate.
The Gate of the Kiss (Poarta sărutului)
The Gate of the Kiss is constructed from travertine and features a motif of kissing eyes on its pillars. This gate symbolizes the transition to another life and is often interpreted as a passage to eternity. The kiss motif can also be seen as eyes looking inward, reflecting introspection and inner peace.
The Infinity Column (Coloana Infinitului)
The Infinity Column, also known as the Endless Column, is perhaps the most iconic piece of the ensemble. It consists of 16 rhomboidal modules stacked vertically, symbolizing the concept of infinity and the infinite sacrifice of the Romanian soldiers. The column stands at 29.3 meters tall and is considered a masterpiece of modern art.
Ecaterina Teodoroiu Mausoleum
The Ecaterina Teodoroiu Mausoleum is a poignant tribute to one of the country’s most revered heroines of World War I. This monument not only commemorates her bravery and sacrifice but also serves as a symbol of national pride and historical remembrance.