Cesis (Cēsis) is undoubtedly one of the most attractive towns in Latvia and the entire Baltic region. Just 90 kilometers from Riga, it’s a must for any first-time visitor to Latvia. Dominated by its castle ruins, it’s a town of winding cobbled streets and protected historical buildings.
The stone castle built by the Livonian Brothers of The Sword, dating back several centuries, is arguably the most impressive and best-preserved castle ruin in Latvia.
The area around the city has hilly terrain, picturesque lakes, and other historical towns, such as Sigulda and Straupe. Nearby is the beautiful 900-km2 Gauja National Park. It’s the fantastic backdrop of Cesis Castle impressing most first-time visitors to the town.
During Summer, the castle ruins host several outdoor performances. This is fitting because as well as being one of Latvia’s oldest towns, many of the country’s leading musical talents have spent time here either growing up in the town or studying music at its famous academy.
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The turbulent history of Cesis
Archaeological and historical evidence of settlements here dates back to the 11th century. During the 12th century, Livs and Latgals made this place their home. In 2006 the 20,000 citizens of this Vidzeme community proudly celebrated the 800th anniversary of the town’s founding with several weeks of parties, cultural and sports events, and several high-profile classical and pop concerts performed by many of Latvia’s most outstanding artists.
Because of its obvious strategic position on the Gauja River, the town has both prospered and suffered from this. The story goes that the national flag of Latvia originates from this town, around 750 years ago. According to the legend, the local chieftain then lay dying, wrapped in a white flag, his dying wish was that his followers should drive the enemy away from the town.
After removing the flag from the dead man, two parts of it were soaked with his blood, while the middle remained white where he had lain. Latvia’s flag has remained claret and white ever since. In the second half of the 19th century, construction of the Riga–Pskov highway (1868) and the Riga-Valka railway line (1889) accelerated the town’s development. The story of prosperity followed by disaster continued again and again over the next 200 years until, in June 1919, the greatest battle in the history of Cesis was fought over five momentous days.
Battle of Cesis
The Battle of Cesis proved to be an important conflict during the 1918-1920 Latvian War of Independence. After the decisive battle of Cesis against the Germans in 1919 this former Hanseatic settlement changed forever. The historic town was no longer the commercial center it once was, and the emphasis shifted to tourism.
Its site on the very edge of the Gauja National Park made the town the perfect base for exploring the many natural wonders on offer nearby, while the town itself with its winding cobblestone streets, a fascinating collection of dilapidated wooden buildings, and ancient castle mounds became a tourism curiosity in its own right.
Cesis can easily be reached from Riga by bus, train or car:
- Train: take the Riga-Cesis-Valmeira line
- Car: follow the A2 from Riga to a few kilometers just before Cesis
- Bus: There are regular services 7 days per week departing from the Central Riga Bus Station
Coat of Arms and Numbers
| Official name | Cēsis |
| Inhabitants | 18,065 |
| Area | 19.28 km2 |
Discovering Cēsis Castle Manor House
At the heart of this enchanting museum lies the Cēsis Castle Manor House, an architectural gem from the 18th and 19th centuries. Founded in 1925, the museum has grown into one of the largest municipal museums in the country, boasting an impressive collection of over 155,000 artifacts.
A Symbol of Latvian History
Step inside the meticulously restored historical interiors, where a modern and engaging exhibition awaits. Titled “Cēsis – A Symbol of Latvian History,” this exhibition weaves the town’s rich past and its unique role in Latvia’s historical tapestry together. Here are some highlights:
- Cēsis Castle: Originally founded in 1209 by the Livonian Brothers of the Sword, the Castle is a testament to medieval times. Explore its nooks and crannies, imagining the knights who once roamed its halls.
- Manor House Interiors: The manor house itself is an attraction. Wander through restored 18th and 19th-century interiors, marveling at the architecture and imagining the lives of those who inhabited these elegant rooms.
- Archaeological Treasures: The museum houses an extensive collection of archaeological artifacts, from pre-crusader times to the medieval period. These relics provide glimpses into ancient life within the castle walls.
- Latvian Flag Collection: Among its prized possessions, the museum proudly displays an extensive collection of Latvian red-white-red flags. These iconic symbols represent Latvia’s struggle for independence and resilience.
Beyond the Exhibitions
The museum isn’t just about artifacts; it’s a hub of cultural life. Here’s what else you can experience:
- Exhibition Halls and Lecture Rooms: Explore various exhibitions and programs within the castle manor house. Don’t miss the chance to climb the Lademaher Tower, where our national flag flutters proudly.
- Collections: The museum’s collections are spread across two locations. At 6 Gauja Street, you’ll find most of the artifacts, including the museum’s library. Meanwhile, the Open Collection at 23 Riga Street houses over 3,000 items.
| Address | Baznīcas laukums 1, Cesis Latvia |
Cēsis is home to the Harmony House. This historic building, located on Rīgas iela 24, is a cultural heritage monument of Latvia. Let’s explore what makes this house special:
Architectural Beauty
The Harmony House stands out with its unique design and historical significance. It’s one of the many outstanding buildings in Cēsis, alongside structures like the City Hall, Merchant House, and Princess House.
Rich History
Originally part of the Hanseatic League, Cēsis was a well-known trading port due to its proximity to the Gauja River. The Harmony House has witnessed centuries of events, reflecting the town’s past as a bustling center of commerce and culture.
Guided Tours
When visiting Cēsis, make sure to explore the Harmony House through a guided tour. The Castle of Cesis, another must-see attraction, was once the residence of the Knights of the Livonian Brothers of the Sword. Learn about its fascinating history and explore workshops showcasing traditional crafts from that era.
Candlelit Adventure
During the guided tour, you’ll receive a candle lantern to illuminate your way through the castle’s darkest rooms and passages. It’s an immersive experience that transports you back in time.
Surroundings
While in Cēsis, take time to enjoy the relaxing atmosphere and explore the beautiful surroundings. The Gauja National Park, lush forests, and scenic landscapes await.